Mustard Farming

Three improved mustard varieties CS-61, CS-62, and CS-64 have been developed by agricultural scientists of CSSRI for sodic alkaline land areas. Let us tell you that these three varieties of mustard will be available to farmers by 2024.

To provide more profits to the farmers of India, Central Soil and Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) has prepared 3 new improved varieties of mustard. Farmers will get more production from these three excellent varieties of mustard. Besides, these three varieties of mustard can be easily cultivated in sodic i.e. alkaline soil. According to media reports, all three species of mustard developed by scientists will be available in the hands of farmers by the year 2024. We are talking about CS-61, CS-62 and CS-64 varieties.

Also read: Farmers can earn excellent profits by cultivating this variety of mustard.

It should be known that even before these varieties, some salt-tolerant mustard varieties CS-56, CS-58, and CS-60 have been prepared by agricultural scientists, and are currently being made available to farmers. Along with this, these mustard seeds are being distributed by agriculture departments and seed institutions.

Cultivation of new improved varieties of mustard

The best mustard varieties CS-61, CS-62, and CS-64 developed at the Central Soil and Salinity Research Institute will give good yields in every area. However, it will provide higher yield in the areas of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Jammu and Kashmir. Let us tell you that with these three varieties, the mustard crop will flourish well in the farmer's fields. Apart from this, it will be available at a good price in the market also.

Also read: Major diseases and management of diseases in mustard crop

Features of these developed improved varieties of mustard

Cultivation of these three improved varieties of mustard will work as a boon for areas where the soil is not suitable for mustard cultivation. CS-61, CS-62 and CS-64 varieties of mustard have been developed for such areas, where mustard is not grown even today. The farmer brothers there can also take advantage of the mustard crop with the help of these varieties. Also, these three new varieties of mustard will produce approximately 27 to 29 quintals per hectare. At the same time, in sodic i.e. alkaline soil, this variety will provide a yield of 21 to 23 quintals per hectare. Apart from this, the amount of oil in these mustard varieties will be around 41 percent.

In which areas of India mustard is not cultivated

Mustard is not cultivated in many states of India. For example, mustard is not produced in some areas of Haryana and Punjab. Apart from this, mustard is not cultivated in many areas of Uttar Pradesh like Pratapgarh, Kaushambi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Etawah Hardoi, etc. With these three varieties of mustard developed by scientists, the mustard crop will flourish in these areas also.

Mustard is one of the major rabi crops. Explain that mustard cultivation is done prominently in many states of India. If we talk about advanced varieties of mustard, then Raj Vijay Mustard-2, Pusa Mustard 21, Pusa Mustard RH 30, Pusa Bold and Pusa Mustard are 28sa Bold and Pusa Mustard 28.. In fact, in almost all the states of India, everything from sowing of crops to harvesting remains dependent on the weather. As you know, the time of harvesting of kharif crops is going on. Also, farmers are preparing to sow rabi crops. At the same time, the major crops sown in the rabi crop are potatoes, peas, mustard, wheat etc. Today we will give you information about the best varieties of mustard. The names of these advanced varieties of mustard are Pusa Bold, Pusa Mustard 28, Raj Vijay Mustard-2, Pusa Mustard 21 and Pusa Mustard RH 30. All these are the most preferred mustard varieties in the production of oilseeds in India. These varieties make more profits at the cost of farmers per hectare. Their production is also more than the rest of the varieties. So let's know in detail about these varieties of mustard.

5 advanced varieties for mustard cultivation

Mustard Pusa Bold

The time period for ripening of mustard Pusa bold is 100 to 140 days. The area of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Delhi is considered suitable for sowing it. If we talk about its yield per hectare, it provides 20 to 25 quintals per hectare yield. The amount of oil inside it is up to 40 percent.

Also read: Farmers can make great profits by cultivating this variety of mustard.

Pusa mustard 28

The period of crop ripening and harvesting is 105 to 110 days. It is sown in states like Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir. Farmer brothers can get 18 to 20 quintals of production per hectare. Talking about the amount of oil, it is up to 21 percent.

Raj Vijay Mustard-2

The crop ripening time is from 120 to 130 days. It is produced in areas of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. At the same time, the average yield from this ranges from 20 to 25 quintals per hectare. The amount of oil ranges from about 37 to 40 percent.

Also read: Information about all the necessary 

works related to mustard cultivation

Pusa Mustard R H30

It takes about 130 to 135 days for this type of mustard crop to ripen. The area of sowing this variety is Haryana, Punjab and Western Rajasthan. At the same time, if we talk about per hectare, it is from 16 to 20 quintals per hectare. If we talk about the amount of oil inside it, then it is up to 39 percent.

Pusa Mustard 21

The time of ripening of this variety of crops is around 137 to 152 days. Explain that it can be produced prominently in Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi. For your information, tell that 18 to 21 quintals of production can be taken per hectare. Talking about the amount of oil from this type of mustard, it is about 37 to 40 percent. According to the Indian Institute of Lonacles of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, if farmers of these areas want more production, then these varieties of mustard can prove to be a profitable deal for farmers. All these varieties produce more percentage of oil per hectare with more production.

Mustard oil in India is used as edible oil in almost all homes. Mustard cultivation in India is done in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The main thing of mustard cultivation is that it can be grown in both irrigated and irrigated fields. Mustard is the third most important oilseed crop in the world after soybean and palm. Mustard oil as well as mustard leaves are mainly used to prepare vegetables. Mustard cake is also made, which is used to feed milch cattle. Along with the domestic market, the farmers have got a great feeling of mustard this year due to the increase in the demand for mustard in the international markets. At the same time, the central government has also increased its minimum support price.

Take special care of these things before cultivating mustard 

Before cultivating mustard, some things have to be kept in mind, so that we can get proper yield of crop, they are:-

Mustard suitable soil

Generally mustard cultivation can be done in every type of soil. However, the Balui loam soil with a single and better drainage is the most suitable for getting a brilliant yield of mustard. However, it should not be salty and barren land.

How to prepare mustard field 

Mustard cultivation requires a bright soil, the field should first plough the soil with a plough. After this, two to three ploughing should be done through native plough or cultivator. After ploughing it, it is very important to keep the moisture in the field and to level the fields. By applying it, both time and water are saved in irrigation.

Quantity of seeds

For your information , for the sowing of mustard crops in the fields where there is adequate means of irrigation, 5 to 6 kg of seeds should be used at the rate of 5 to hectare. The amount of mustard seeds may be different in the fields where there is not enough means of irrigation. Explain that the amount of seed depends on the basis of the variety of crops. If the time period of the crop is for more days, then the amount of seeds will be reduced. If the crop is of short time, then the amount of seed will be high.

Advanced varieties of mustard 

For mustard cultivation, it is also necessary to have knowledge of its advanced varieties, so that more yields can be achieved. Various types of mustard varieties are different for irrigated areas and unirrigated areas.

1. RH (RH) 30: Both irrigated areas and unirrigated areas are good for sowing with wheat, gram and barley in both conditions.

2. T59 (Varuna): This variety provides good yields in areas where there is no availability of means of irrigation. Its yield is 15 to 18 quintals per hectare in the unirrigated area. The amount of oil in its rash is 36 percent.

3. Pusa Bold: Ashirwad (RK): This variety is suitable for late sowing (from 25 October to 15 November).

4. NRC HB (NRC HB) 101: These varieties provide good yields in areas where adequate irrigation is provided. These varieties provide production ranging from 20 to 22 quintals per hectare.

When and how to irrigate mustard crop

In the mustard crop, the first irrigation should be done in 25 to 30 days and the second irrigation should be done in the stage of filling the grains in the fruits. If there is rain in the winter, even if the other irrigation is not done, even a good yield can be achieved. The field should not be irrigated at the time of flowering in mustard.

Irrigation in mustard crops should generally be done through bandage methods. Irrigation should be done by making a bandage of 4 to 6 metres wide according to the size of the farm. By irrigation by this method, the distribution of water is equal in the entire field.

Use of fertiliser and fertiliser in mustard cultivation

For your information, tell that for the fields where there is not enough irrigation means of irrigation, 6 to 12 rotten cow dung, 160 to 170 kg of urea, 250 kg single super phosphate, 50 kg of muret and potash and 200 kg It is appropriate to mix in the field before sowing gypsum. Mix half the quantity of urea at the time of sowing and half the remaining quantity in the field after the first irrigation. For the fields where there is no suitable means of irrigation, 4 to 5 tons of rotten cow dung, 85 to 90 kg of urea, 125 kg single super phosphate, 33 kg muret and potash per hectare are put in the field.

Weed control in mustard cultivation

In mustard cultivation, dense plants should be expelled from the field in 15 to 20 days of sowing. Along with this, their mutual distance should be made 15 cm. To eliminate weeds, weeding must be done in mustard fields before irrigation. In the event of weeds not destroyed, weeding and weeding should also be done after second irrigation. To control weeds by chemical method, within 2 to 3 days after sowing, the 3.3 litres of 3 to 3 days of pendimethalin 30 EC chemicals should be mixed with 600 to 800 litres of water and sprayed at the rate of per hectare.

Mustard crop harvesting and storage

When 75% of the legumes turn golden in mustard crop, then the seeds should be separated by cutting the crop by machine or by hand, drying or pouring it. Mustard seeds should be stored only when the seeds dried in the best way.

Mustard production from cultivation

In areas where there is not enough irrigation, it can yield from 20 to 25 quintals per hectare and areas where there are adequate irrigation arrangements. There can be achieving 25 to 30 quintals per hectare.

Mustard market price and earnings

The central government has fixed the minimum support price (MSP) of mustard by Rs 150 per quintal to Rs 5200 per quintal this year. Last year, the minimum support price of mustard was Rs 5050. Due to the increasing demand and lack of availability of mustard, this time the open markets are getting more than the minimum support price. Mustard is getting 6500 to 9500 rupees per quintal in open markets. Farmers can sell their crops in the major mandis of India where the price is high. In addition, direct contact with oil processing companies can also be sold directly to companies. At the same time, farmers can also sell their crops to traders in the open market. Explain that this year the mustard crop has given good prices to the farmers. Farmers are expected to get good mustard prices even further.

It is a well-known fact that India imports a large quantity of oil. However, the controversy surrounding the commercial cultivation of GM mustard continues to linger even after its approval by the Indian government. Nowadays, there is a lot of debate in India regarding the commercial cultivation of GM mustard, which is genetically modified mustard. Despite the Central Government's approval, the controversy over it persists, and the Supreme Court recently debated this issue. The question that arises is why the controversy over GM mustard has arisen in the first place. To understand this, we need to know what GM mustard is and its benefits. Last year, the Biotech regulator Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee of the Union Environment Ministry approved the commercial cultivation of GM mustard, which sparked strong opposition from many farmer groups, AGOs, and environment-related organizations, leading the matter to reach the court.

What do the organizations standing against this have to say?

On one hand, the organizations standing against it say that due to the use of GM mustard in India, agriculture will suffer a lot. Also,  according to experts, this will increase productivity and farmers will benefit greatly from it.  Experts also say that it is being cultivated successfully in many countries.  In such a situation, if India also adopts it, it will have many benefits in the future. But, what will be the benefit to the farmers from this?

Also read: Research started to prepare GM seeds of 13 crops

Important information about GM mustard

Genetically modified mustard ( GM mustard ) is a species of mustard created by mixing two different varieties of plants.  This means that it is a hybrid species, which has been created in the lab.  The chances of contracting diseases are very low. Besides, its production also remains high.  Now the yield of the first generation hybrid species obtained from such crossing is likely to be higher than the original varieties. However, doing this with mustard was not convenient. This is because its flowers contain both male and female reproductive organs.  This means that the mustard plant pollinates itself to a large extent and Does not require pollination from any other plant. In such a situation, the opportunity to create hybrid varieties of mustard like maize, tomato, or cotton is greatly reduced.

Various benefits of producing GM mustard

Increase in Productivity: Proponents argue that GM mustard, especially Dhara mustard hybrid ( DMH - 11 ), has the potential to significantly increase the productivity of mustard crops. Because of this, mustard cultivation is currently being seen in India. It can help in dealing with the problem of low productivity.

Also read: Mustard Cultivation: Good income at low cost

Reduction in import dependence: India imports edible oils in large quantities and GM mustard can reduce this dependence by increasing domestic mustard oil production. This could potentially save foreign exchange and promote self-reliance in edible oil production

Crop protection: Genetic modification can confer resistance to pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.  This can encourage environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices.

There is good news for the farmers of Haryana who cultivate mustard. State Chief Secretary Sanjeev Kaushal says that during the Rabi season, the government will purchase mustard, gram, sunflower and summer moong from farmers at the fixed MSP. Also, sunflower oil will be supplied through fair price shops in 5 districts from March.

What has the Chief Secretary said about the production of crops?

In a meeting, the Chief Secretary said that 50 thousand 800 metric tonnes of sunflower, 14 lakh 14 thousand 710 metric tonnes of mustard, 26 thousand 320 metric tonnes of gram and 33 thousand 600 metric tonnes of summer moong are expected to be produced this season. The Chief Secretary said that Haryana State Warehousing Corporation, Food and Supplies Department and HAFED have also ordered to start preparations to start procurement of mustard, summer moong, gram and sunflower in Mandis.

Also read: Mustard Cultivation: Good income at low cost

When will the government start procuring mustard?

The government will start procurement of mustard at the rate of Rs 5,650 per quintal in the last week of March. Similarly, gram will be purchased from farmers at the rate of Rs 5 thousand 440 per quintal. From May 15, summer moong will be purchased at the rate of Rs 8 thousand 558 per quintal. Similarly, sunflower will be purchased from June 1 to 15 at the rate of Rs 6760 per quintal.

Those who commit negligence will not be spared

The Chief Secretary has asked the officers to make all necessary arrangements for the convenience of farmers during the procurement process and make payment for the purchased produce within three days. At the same time, he said that those who are negligent in work will not be spared at all. With this decision, farmers will also get a fair price for their produce.

Farmers, as everyone knows the three improved varieties of mustard, NRCDR-2, NRCHB-506 hybrid, and NRCDR-601, will provide the farmer with a production of about 26 quintals per hectare, which becomes ripened in approximately 137-156 days. All these varieties have been prepared by ICAR-DRMR. Mustard has the main place among Rabi oilseed crops. If seen, the mustard crop is considered more beneficial in the situation of limited irrigation. If farmers select excellent varieties of mustard and cultivate it properly, they can get excellent yields from mustard crops in a short time. In this series, today we have brought information about the top three species of mustard for farmers, which can be easily cultivated in various states of India including Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Delhi. All these mustard species become ripe in 137-156 days. Apart from this, by cultivating these improved species, farmers can get a yield of about 26 quintals per hectare. We are talking about three main varieties of mustard, which are NRCDR-2, NRCHB-506 hybrid, and NRCDR-601 respectively. These species have been prepared by ICAR-DRMR.

Three improved varieties of mustard come in the top three.

Information about the NRCDR-2 variety of mustard.

This improved variety of mustard can be easily cultivated by the farmers of Delhi, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Jammu and Kashmir. The height of its plant ranges from 165-212 cm. Also, this variety of mustard becomes fully ripe in 131-156 days. With the NRCDR-2 variety, farmers can achieve production of about 26 quintals per hectare. Apart from this, the oil content in the NRCDR-2 variety of mustard ranges from 36.5- 42.5 percent. Also, this variety has less attack by Sclerotinia stem rot, powdery mildew, aphids, white rust, and Alternaria blight. 

Also read: Information about all the important works related to mustard cultivation

Where is the NRCHB-506 hybrid variety found the most?

This variety of mustard is best for the areas of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Its plants are approximately 180-205 cm in length. NRCHB-506 hybrid variety of mustard becomes ripe in 127-148 days. Farmers can get a yield of up to 25 quintals per hectare from this variety. Apart from this, if we talk about the amount of oil in this variety, it ranges between 38.6- 42.5 percent.

NRCDR-601 variety of mustard is grown in these states.

This improved variety of mustard is produced in various areas of Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Punjab, and Delhi. This variety is capable of providing production up to 26 quintals per hectare. NRCDR-601 mustard variety becomes ripe in the field in 137-151 days. The height of mustard plants of this variety ranges from 161-210 cm. This variety of mustard does not suffer from diseases like white rust, (stag head), Alternaria blight, and sclerotinia.